Assessment of Emissions and Energy Consumption for Construction Machinery in Earthwork Activities by Incorporating Real-World Measurement and Discrete-Event Simulation

Earthwork, an essential activity in most construction projects, consumes large quantities of fossil fuel and produces substantial air pollution with adverse environmental impacts. To achieve more sustainable processes, novel methodologies to evaluate improve the performance earthwork operations are required. This study quantifies real-world emissions consumption equipment within project China. Two wheel loaders two dump trucks examined through on-board measurements in-lab engine tests. The duty cycles categorized respect their power efficiency working patterns. Moreover, power-specific time-based emission factors for these computed compared relevant legislative limits. Significant variations among different were found, exceeded results from test required certification. In addition, a discrete-event simulation (DES) framework was developed, validated, integrated analyze energy impacts project. Furthermore, fleet schedule optimized DES reduce greenhouse gas by 8.1% 6.6%, respectively.